TECHNICAL DATA 
Delta Insulation Systems 
P: +61 07 3271 2170   E: info@deltainsulationsystems.com   W: www.deltainsulationsystems.com.au 
A: 49 Bernoulli Street, Darra Qld. 4076   ABN: 12 122 760 552 
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What is Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)  
EPS is a closed cell lightweight cellular plastics 
material produced from polystyrene. The material has 
been modified by the addition of flame retardant 
additives.  
  
Polystyrene literally translated is “polymerised 
styrene”. That is, the single styrene molecules are 
chemically joined together to form a large molecule 
which is called the polymer. Styrene is produced from 
benzene and ethylene, and polymerisation is 
accomplished in the presence of catalysts, usually 
organic peroxides. The expandable form is produced 
as small beads containing a blowing agent.  
  
The Manufacturing Process  
Pre-Expansion  
The small expandable beads are subjected to steam, 
which causes the thermoplastic polystyrene to soften. 
Increasing vapour pressure caused by the blowing 
agent causes the beads to expand to up to 40 times 
their original volume. It is this prefoam stage which 
determines the final density of the expanded 
polystyrene block.  
  
Aging  
After pre-expansion the prefoam is transferred via to 
fluidized drying bed to large silos for aging. This 
process is designed to allow for the replacement of 
expanding agent by air in the cells of the bead. Aging 
also allows for stabilization and cooling of the 
prefoam.  
  
Moulding   
Once conditioned by aging, the prefoam is blown into 
a mould where further steaming causes the expanded 
beads to fuse into a block.  
 
  
 
Drying  
To provide dimensionally stable dry blocks it is 
necessary to pass them through a temperature 
controlled oven. This process also ensures that any 
residual blowing agent has been removed.   
  
Finishing  
For most customers the manufacturing process is not 
complete until the EPS blocks have been cut into 
various shapes. This process is mainly carried out using 
a hot wire cutting machine that gives a fine finish to the 
product and enables very fine cutting tolerances to be 
achieved.   
  
Australian Standard  
Australian Standard  1366, Part 3 – 1992 Physical 
Properties of Rigid Cellular Polystyrene – sets out 
minimum properties for six classes (see table 1) and 
methods for determination and compliance. Flexibility in 
production allows EPS to be produced to this standard 
or to other requirements that specialized applications 
may demand.  
  
Quality Control  
To ensure compliance with customer requirements our 
Quality Assurance process monitors and tests various 
key properties.  
  
Acoustic Properties   
As EPS has a closed cell structure it offers only a 
limited absorption of airborne sound. Structure borne 
sound, transmitted though such structures as walls, 
may be effectively isolated by the use of floating floor 
systems. For this type of insulation EPS with the 
required dynamic stiffness can be obtained by 
compressing the sheets by 50 to 60 percent and then 
allowing them to recover to 80 or 90 percent of their 
original thickness. 
Table 1 
Physical Properties of EPS, according to AS 1366, Part 3 – 1992 
Physical Property   
Unit  
 
 
Class  
 
 
Test Method  
L  
SL  
S  
M  
H  
VH  
Nominal Density (kg/m3)  
  
11  
13.5  
16  
19  
24  
28  
N/a  
Compressive stress at 10% deformation (min)  
kPa  
50  
70  
85  
105  
135  
165  
AS2498.3  
Cross-breaking strength (min)  
kPa  
95  
135  
165  
200  
260  
320  
AS2498.4  
Rate of water vapour transmission (max) 
measured parallel to rise at 23°C  
μg/m2s  
710  
630  
580  
520  
460  
400  
AS2498.5  
Dimensional stability of length, width, thickness 
(max) at 70°C, dry condition 7 days  
%  
1.0  
1.0  
1.0  
1.0  
1.0  
1.0  
AS2498.6  
Thermal resistance (min) at a mean temperature 
of 25°C (50mm sample)  
M2K/W  
1  
1.13  
1.17  
1.20  
1.25  
1.28  
AS2464.5 or 
AS2464.6  
Flame propagation characteristics:  
- 
median flame duration; max  
- 
eighth value; max  
- 
median volume retained;  
-  
eighth value; min.  
  
S  
S  
%  
%  
  
2  
3  
15  
12  
  
2  
3  
18  
15  
  
2  
3  
22  
19  
  
2  
3  
30  
27  
  
2  
3  
40  
37  
  
2  
3  
50  
47  
AS2122.1  

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